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This article is the first in a series of three articles highlighting the basics of dynamometer testing. In this first article, "What is an Engine Dynamometer," we will look at the principle components of the water brake engine dynamometer (dyno) and how they work.

An engine dyno is a service tool that allows the operator to safely place a controlled load on an engine. A loaded engine dynamometer test is the only method of verifying engine capability. With the use of a dyno, an engine can be properly operated throughout its power range without being placed into service. Assembly deficiencies may be detected before the engine is installed into a chassis and an actual evaluation of an engine's operating condition may be performed. The dynamometer is the final quality test before an engine is installed.

Construction

An engine dynamometer has two major components: the absorption unit and the torque indication system. A water brake dynamometer uses an absorption unit (absorber) to absorb power through momentum exchange; using water as the working fluid. A water brake absorber consists of one or more shaft mounted rotors and at least two stators (or end bells). The rotors spin freely inside the absorber housing in the absence of water. When water is introduced into the absorber of the dyno, the spinning rotor accelerates the water and "throws" it into the stators. If the stators weren't restrained, they would also begin to rotate, similar to a torque converter. But the dyno's stators are restrained using a torque arm that is connected to a load cell.

The load cell measures the force with which the stators are trying to rotate. By knowing the distance from the axis of the absorber to the torque arm, torque can be measured by:

Torque = force x distance

If we measure speed, horsepower can then be found by the relationship:

HP = (torque x rpm)/5252

The amount of load absorbed is proportional to the volume of water inside the absorber housing. The water is ultimately absorbing all of the horsepower in the form of heat; therefore the warm water must be exhausted and replenished with cool water to avoid boiling. By restricting the exhaust and controlling the flow of water through the dyno absorber, the volume of water inside, and therefore the load, can be precisely controlled. Operation An engine without a load can only produce speed. Maintaining a given RPM requires very little engine horsepower. The dynamometer is a means by which a controlled load can be added and monitored.

With a water brake type of dynamometer, the horsepower of the prime mover is converted into heat of the dynamometer water. The rotors and stators accomplish this transfer of energy. Both the rotors and stators have pockets built into them. As water is brought in to the dynamometer by passages in the stator, it is discharged into the dynamometer near the center of rotation of the rotor assembly. This water entering the dynamometer will flow into the pockets of the rotor. The water is accelerated by the rotation of the rotor assembly, which is attached to the output shaft of the engine. As it is accelerated, it tends to fly out due to centrifugal force. As it does, it ends up in similar pockets in the stator plates. The water in the stator pocket tends to run out and is met again by the rotating rotor assembly. The water is again accelerated. This constant acceleration and deceleration of the water as it passes from rotor to stator to rotor, etc. requires power and converts this energy into frictional heating of the water. This thermal exchange of engine power to frictional heating of the water is based on pure laws of physics. The amount of water in the dynamometer at any given instant determines the amount of horsepower that it can absorb. The more water that is in the dynamometer, the more the dynamometer can absorb.

What makes up an Engine Dynamometer System?

The engine dyno itself is only one component of a complete engine dynamometer system. A typical dynamometer system consists of an engine dynamometer and the following components: drive shaft, drive shaft guard, flywheel adapter plates, engine cart, cooling column, and a data acquisition and control system.

Drive Shaft and Guard

Once the engine is in position, the flywheel is connected to a guarded universal joint drive shaft with just a few bolts. Time spent connecting the engine is reduced due to the practical design of the engine cart.

Engine Cart and Adapter Plates

An engine cart is used for supporting and transporting engines. Adapter plates are provided for quickly locating the rear of the engine to the engine cart in proper alignment with the dynamometer, while an adjustable support bears the weight of the engine from the front. Once the engine is mounted, the cart is simply rolled into place and pinned into position.

Cooling Column

The engine cooling column is utilized to maintain jacket water temperatures on liquid cooled engines. The engine cooling column provides pressure regulated, thermostatic control of the water temperature to guard against the engine overheating during testing.

Data Acquisition and Control Systems

A typical dynamometer controller contains the dyno system's pressure and temperature sensors. The sensors are housed in an industrial cabinet and supplied with quick disconnects. Information is collected from the sensors and in many cases an ECM and combined with torque, speed, and power measurements from the dynamometer and sent to the dyno system's computer.

The computer in a data acquisition and dyno control system interfaces with the dynamometer controller and the dynamometer and performs all of the embedded control functions. It is also the location where new tests are run and reports are generated, printed, and stored.

For more than 30 years, Power Test, Inc. has been an industry leader in the design, manufacture, and implementation of dynamometers and dyno control systems. Power Test has provided dynos and data acquisition and dynamometer control systems to manufacturers, rebuilding facilities, and distributors worldwide, with products in over 75 countries on six continents.

Chrysler 300M Stereo Fitting Kits You Need

In this article we will see how this car was manufactured, its features and about the radio dash kit in it. Chrysler automobiles were launched in 1925. It has headquarters in Michigan, Sather manufacturer of Chrysler 300 M cars is Chrysler Corporation in 1995. This model replaced the Eagle Vision. This was a car of luxury and exteriors and interiors were similar to Concorde. Its actual production and sales happened between the years 1999 and 2004. It followed FF type layout and LH platform. Its engine is V6 type of 3.5 liters. It is closely related to LH and concorde models. It is 5 meter high and 1.9 meters in width. It has 2.87 m of wheel base. The transmissions are automatic and four speed. This 300M was a part of platinum series.

Now let's look into the changes made each and every year by Chrysler. Head lamps that were automatic were added in the year 1999 and in the year 2000, to prevent movement from park interlock was included. This ensured that only when brakes are applied it can be shifted. As luxury that was optional airbags were introduced. The driver's mirror even had automatic dimming facility. Taillights that were jeweled and EVIC were also made optional. To supplement antilock brakes even brakes having electronic control were added. Many new colors were introduced in the year 2003. To the stereo new changer controls were included.

The year 2004 saw optional satellite radio and stereo with optional GPS navigation. It had assembling plants in Ontorio, Canada and Brampton. The overhangs were cut in front and back thus its length got reduced from previous Eagle Vision. For the years1999 and 2000 this car featured in best luxury car magazine's list and in the list of magazine for motor trend in the year 1999.The platinum series was there in metal finishes like black crystal, silver metal and graphite metal. Few of other special features include wheels that were made of an alloy of platinum and chromium and seats that were made of leather. The successor of this model was Chrysler 300. The radio system had one year subscription from Sirius. The radio dash kit comprises of panel of neon fascia type, removal keys and adaptors (both harness and aerial).

It is highly suited for the radio dash kit comprises of panel of fascia type, removal keys and adaptors (both harness and aerial). It is highly suited for all models between 1995 and 2006. These adaptors help in the conversion to din sized unit. The plate color comes in black. We should learn about the functions of components of kit. To remove ISO radios we use removal keys. Codes to radio are needed especially for Chrysler 300M which can be searched and purchased online like powernetshop.at. These adaptors help in the conversion to din sized unit. The plate color comes in black. Let's learn the functions of components of kit. Wiring harness enables installation of stereo without cutting wires. Aerial adaptor is needed to change to a head unit replacing factory head unit. To remove ISO radios we use removal keys. Codes to radio are needed especially for Fiat which can be searched and purchased online at powernetshop.at. Its price is 18, 99 euro.

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How to fix trailer hook up, no running lights?

When I hook up my (Flat connector) trailer to my 2006 F150.I have brake, turn and flasher but know running lights; when I hook up with the adaptor I have the same problem but no right side turn or flasher.. When I hook the trailer up to my wifes Expedition or Jeep I have all lights. I have checked the wiring harness connetor at the truck and all seems fine. I need some help, who can I troubleshoot and fix this.

Thanks

this sounds like corrosion or poor connection at plug. check each terminal at the truck plug with a test light to see if you have power (not the white wire it is a ground)if you dont have power at terminal, check at the wire before it goes into plug does it have power there? if not keep checking farther back until you have power for running lights. problems are usually at the connectors either trailer end or where it plugs into truck wiring underneath.

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