Car And Truck Brake Parts

Brake Retainer

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Brake Retainer
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Not too long ago, when a person's actions caused another's death either through murder or something like negligence, the claims for damages died with the person. To combat this problem, the courts began allowing the tort of wrongful death.

Wrongful death is an action brought by a victim's family or estate against the person that caused his or her death. It is an action designed to compensate the family of the victim for the lost wages, companionship, and other losses that are brought via the person's death. 

Part of the motivation for a wrongful death claim was that the old way of doing things, where there was no claim if the person died, left a guilty party free of punishment of some sort if the person died. This was seen as not being the best situation because, it was the thought, that this could be seen as encouraging death. As long as the injured party died, a person could get away with anything.

In the 20th century, the laws were changed. Now, the estate of a person can bring charges against the person responsible for the death of their loved one, even if the person is not convicted of murder. A person can be tried in a criminal court and then in a civil court for wrongful death. There is no problem with double jeopardy because the lawsuits are different. Also, one trial is for a criminal action and the other is a civil action. As such, there is no double jeopardy conflict. At the same time, a person who is not found to be liable in a wrongful death action can't be repeatedly charged with this tort. The same applies for a person acquitted of murder. 

In order for a person to be found guilty of a wrongful death action, that person must have committed some sort of negligence or done something else to cause the death of the individual. The damages awarded can be punitive or compensatory and are designed to allow the family to continue life, as much as possible, without their loved one. Obviously, no damages can bring a parent or sibling or child back but the damages awarded are meant to ensure that the family does not feel as much of an economic loss.  

For more information on wrongful death and a variety of other tort claims, please visit http://www.hankeylawoffice.com.

Joseph Devine

How to Bleed Your Motor Bike's Brakes With More Success

The first time I decided to strip down the front brakes on my Honda Superdream, I thought it best to follow the manual. I duly bought one on ebay and then set about following the instructions as carefully as possible. All well and good, the manual was from a reputable company (famous in the UK for strip-downs of any vehicle you could mention) and most of what it said was accurate and helpful. However, when it came to bleeding the brakes I found that the information given was hopeless.

In fact the method they suggested was in line with most other manuals and is considered by many to be the only way to bleed brake lines of air. That said, I couldn't get it to work! So you can see what I am referring to I will quote 

"Check the level of the reservoir, and fill almost to the top. Place a jar below the brake caliper unit and attach a clear plastic tube from the calliper bleed screw to the container so that the pipe is always immersed below the surface of the fluid. Unscrew the bleed screw one complete turn and pump the handlebars lever slowly. As the fluid is ejected from the bleed screw the level in the reservoir will fall. Continue the pumping action with the lever until no further air bubbles emerge from the end of the pipe."

I won't quote any further as it was at this point that I discovered that the fluid just did not appear to flow out of the bleed nipple in the way it describes above. The Handlebar lever continued to be spongy and I eventually decided after slowly pumping for at least 20 minutes to think of another way to clear the air from the system.

One of the key problems with motor bikes is that the brake lever is set right up on the handle bars, way above the caliper unit; unlike on a car where the pedal is on the floor, at more or less the same level as the calipers. This means that you are trying to force air down the brake lines, when all air wants to do is rise to the top (as it is lighter than the fluid of course). A solution might be to remove the lever and master cylinder from the handlebars and to pump the lever from a much lower position, as close to the level of the calliper as possible. I tried this, but because I'd had to remove the cover from the reservior to top up the liquid I managed to spill the fluid all over the place. Not ideal, as brake fluid works as a great paint stripper!

So now to my successful method! Rather than taking the reservoir off the handlebars, I instead undid the two bolts that secure the calliper to the fork. Next I slid the caliper unit away from the wheel. At this point you will probably find that your bike differs in someway from the Superdream, however you should find that it's possible to place a G-clamp (screw end) into the calliper piston. This will only be possible if you remove the brake pads and any retaining pins etc. You may also find that there are various protective rubber skirts etc. around the piston itself. This shouldn't be a problem as long as you don't snag these in the clamp as you turn the screw.

With the pads out of the way, I pumped the handlebar lever a few times and forced the piston much further out of the calliper unit than it would normally be able to go. VERY IMPORTANT - DO NOT do this bit with too much enthusiasm and spring the piston right out of the calliper unit (unless you intend to do a full strip down and want to replace the piston seals). This will be very, very messy and getting the piston back into the unit will be harder than you think!  

Next, I positioned the G-Clamp (screw end) over the piston and slowly turned it until it reached the base of the piston.

Before continuing I removed the cover from the reservoir on the handlebars and then as I turned the screw I watched the air from the brake line bubble its way to the top of the reservoir. Eventually the bubbles stopped appearing and I knew that there air had all been forced out of the system. The piston was back in its original position and the brake pads could be pushed back into place, secured and the whole unit bolted back onto the fork.

Yes, it was a little more complicated than conventional bleeding; but, it was cleaner; no nipples to undo, no plastic pipes held under the surface of the ejected fluid, in fact, no fluid at all had to be ejected from the system. I didn't have to pump away at the lever for ages, waiting for a sign of success. The G-Clamp did it all.

At this point I can see that simple instructions without the story might be appropriate, so here is the simple version.
1.  Undo the bolts that secure the calliper unit to the forks.

2.  Slide calliper unit away from the wheel.

3.  Remove brake pads and retaining pins etc.

4.  Pump the handlebar lever slowly until the piston has been pushed quite a way out of the unit (a couple of centimetres max.)

5.  Slot a G-Clamp over the calliper unit and position the screw end over the piston.

6.  Screw down until screw end makes contact with the base of the piston.

7.  Remove cover from reservoir on the handlebars.

8. Continue screwing G-Clamp and watch the little air bubbles rising to the top of the reservoir.

9.  When there are no more air bubbles and the piston is right back where it started your job is done.

10. Replace cover of reservoir; slide brake pads back into place and replace retaining pins; secure calliper unit back onto fork.

At this point I must add that I am not a mechanic and I only mess about with bikes and cars for fun. However, having used this method I took the bike for its annual MOT (Ministry of Transport) Test, and it passed with flying colours. Brakes super efficient and safe for the road.

About the Author

Mechanic for fun, artist and other stuff that I'll think about later.

Fix retainer problem?

Ok i want to start my boxing again but the problem is that i have a fixed retainer behind my teeth, and everytime i bite too hard it brakes.
What want to know is if i get a mouthguard will my rtainer break if i bite hard on it when i am boxing??

I think if you had a custom, dental mouthguard made, that you would not break your fixed retainer by biting hard on it. You should go to your dentist and see what they think. Take care.

POLICE BLOTTER: Princeton, Montgomery, Plainsboro, W.Windsor
Princeton Borough Clay Street resident Jewel Merril, 52, and Witherspoon Street resident Benedictor Lopez, 25, were arrested and charged with prostitution.

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